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APEC CLIMATE CENTER                                                                                                      2025 ANNUAL REPORT



          APPENDIX 3                         APCC produces Boreal Summer IntraSeasonal Oscillation (BSISO) monitoring and forecast   APPENDIX 4                        1. Yoo-Rim Jung, Woo-Seop Lee, 09 January 2025:

                                             information daily from May to October.
                                                                                                                                                                         Influence of the boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation on tempera-
          Boreal Summer                       ◎   Definition :  BBSISO represents a large circulation system, generated in the tropical   Research Papers                ture and precipitation in South Korea, Atmospheric Science Letters Vol-
                                                        Indian Ocean, with prominent gradual northward propagation. It affects                                           ume 26 Issue 1, https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1282
          IntraSeasonal                                 the Asian summer monsoon, atmospheric circulation, and weather with

                                                        a period of 15–60 days.
          Oscillation (BSISO)                 ◎   Modes:  BBSISO consists of two modes: BSISO1 represents the canonical northward                                      2.   Soo-Jin Sohn, Hae-Jeong Kim, Sun-hee Shin, Jin Ho Yoo, Johan Lee,
                                                                                                                                                                         Kyung-On Boo, and Yu-Kyung Hyun, 01 February 2025:
                                                     propagating variability with a 30–60 day period, and BSISO2 corresponds to
                                                     the northward/northwest propagating variability with a period of 10–30 days.                                        Sharing  Small  Resources  and  Making  Joint  Efforts  for  the  Improve-
                                                                                                        1)
                                              ◎   System:  Currently, APCC operates BSISO with five models from four institutes:  NCEP,                                  ment  of  a  Climate  Prediction  Model  in  South  Korea,  Bulletin  of  the
                                                      2)     3)      4)
                                                       ECMWF,  CWA, and  BOM
                                                                                                                                                                         American  Meteorological  Society,  PP.  79–83,  https://doi.org/10.1175/
                                                                                                                                                                         BAMS-D-23-0150.1
                                             1. Update of the CWA Model
                                             With the upgrade of the participating model from the Central Weather Administration
                                                                                                                                                                       3. Yoo-Bin Yhang, Chang-Mook Lim & Daeun Jeong, 20 February 2025:
                                             (CWA) of Taiwan from TCWB1T1.1 to CWACFSv2 in May 2025, both the horizontal and ver-
                                             tical resolutions have been enhanced.                                                                                       APEC  climate  center  multi-model  ensemble  dataset  for  seasonal  cli-
                                                                                                                                                                         mate prediction, Scientific Data 12, 303(2025), https://doi.org/10.1038/
                                             2. Enhancement of the BSISO Input Data Processing System
                                                                                                                                                                         s41597-025-04643-3
                                             Since 2025, APCC has enhanced its in-house BSISO input data processing system by di-
                                             rectly collecting and preprocessing the required input data, thereby enabling a broader
                                                                                                                                                                       4.  Yooju Jeon, Sunyong Kim, Soo-Jin Sohn, Suhee Han, and Sangwon
                                             range of prediction models to participate in the BSISO forecasting system with minimal
                                             additional effort.                                                                                                          Moon, 01 April 2025:
                                                                                                                                                                         Toward a Sustainable and Resilient Society through Enhanced ENSO
                                                                                                                                                                         Response and Preparedness, Bulletin of the American Meteorological
                                                                                                                                                                         Society, E571–E575, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-25-0024.1



                                                                                                                                                                       5.  Sinil Yang, Hyo-Jun Bae, Mark Bourassa, Chaehyeon Chelsea Nam,
                                                                                                                                                                         Steven Cocke, DW Shin, Benjamin W Barr, Hyodae Seo, Dong-Hyun
                                                                                                                                                                         Cha, Min-Ho Kwon, 11 April 2025:
                                                                                                                                                                         Sea spray effects on typhoon prediction in the Yellow and East China
                                                                                                                                                                         Seas: case studies using a coupled atmosphere-ocean-wave model for
                                                                                                                                                                         Lingling (2019) and Maysak (2020), Bulletin of the American Meteoro-
            Glossary
                                                                                                                                                                         logical Society, Environmental Research Letters, Volume 20, Number 5,
          1)  NCEP
                                                                                                                                                                         https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adc616
           National  Centers  for  Environmental
           Prediction
                                                                                                                                                                       6.  F. Vitart, A. W. Robertson, A. Brookshaw, N. Caltabiano, C. A. S. Coelho,
          2)  ECMWF                                                                                                                                                      E. de Coning, P. A. Dirmeyer, D. I. V. Domeisen, L. Hirons, H. J. Kim, H.
           European  Centre  for  Medium-Range                                                                                                                           Lin, A. Kumar, A. Molod, J. Robbins, Z. Segele, C. M. Spillman, C. Stan, Y.
           Weather Forecasts
                                                                                                                                                                         Takaya, S. Woolnough, C. J. White, and T. Wu, 01 May 2025:
                                                                                                                                                                         The  WWRP/WCRP  S2S  project  and  its  achievements,  Bulletin  of  the
          3)  CWA
                                                                                                                                                                         American Meteorological Society, E791–E808, https://doi.org/10.1038/
           Central Weather Administration
                                                                                                                                                                         s41597-025-04643-3

          4) BOM
           Bureau of Meteorology


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